Archive for July, 2009

Friday roundup, July 31, 2009

Friday, July 31, 2009

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In this photo released by Greenpeace, volunteers display a banner at a coal-fired power plant in western Beijing on Tuesday, July 28, 2009. China’s top ten power companies and their heavy reliance on coal are hindering the country’s efforts to tackle climate change, Greenpeace said in a report released on Tuesday. (AP Photo/Greenpeace, John Novis)

As Coal Tattoo has tried to get across, the conflicts over coal raging in Southern West Virginia are actually happening to one extent or another all over the world. Coal is a major contributor to climate change. But it’s also considered an abundant and — if you don’t count the externalized costs — a cheap fuel. People around the planet are wrestling with what to do about it.

The photo above coincides with Greenpeace’s release of a new report  on coal power in China. It’s worth a read.

One of the major coal stories this week was the release of a TVA Inspector General’s report that detailed TVA’s failure to do anything about the repeated warnings that a coal-ash impoundment in East Tennessee could fail.

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Peak Coal: Will the coal run out before CCS works?

Thursday, July 30, 2009

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We’ve talked before about peak coal (see previous posts here, here and here), and now I can’t wait to read Richard Heinberg’s new book, Blackout: Coal, Climate and the Last Energy Crisis.

Fortunately, David Roberts over at Grist has already done so, and gives us a preview report … and the picture painted in the book is pretty scary.

In short:

There isn’t nearly as much coal left as most people think. “Clean coal” will run down limited reserves even faster. If humanity doesn’t begin massive, sustained investment in renewable power sources immediately, civilization could be at risk before the end of the century. And that’s without considering the impacts of climate change.

And more to the point for our recent discussions of carbon capture and storage proposals:

The second fateful illusion: that carbon capture and sequestration can enable the continued expansion of coal use.

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New MTR book: We All Live Downstream

Thursday, July 30, 2009

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There’s a new collection of writings about mountaintop removal out. It’s called We All Live Downstream and is from Motes Books.

Contributors include Wendell Berry, Erik Reece, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., and Silas House. It’s edited by Jason Howard.

Some straight talk on CCS from AEP

Wednesday, July 29, 2009

Coal industry folks and their political supporters sometimes make “clean coal” (whatever that is) and the capture of coal’s greenhouse gas emissions sound pretty easy. Take West Virginia Gov. Joe Manchin, for instance, who in announcing American Electric Power’s plans for a coal gasification plant in Mason County (one without carbon capture and storage technology, yet) said:

As one of the first commercial scale coal gasification projects, this proposed plant will allow us to lead the nation in the development of clean coal technology for power generation. Plus, coal gasification technology offers future opportunities to produce clean liquid fuels and chemical feedstock for other industries.

IGCC technology allows us to continue using our state’s coal resources in an environmentally responsible way. With IGCC, we’ll have a cleaner environment. An IGCC power plant efficiently reduces and removes sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates and mercury from plant emissions. IGCC plants offer opportunity for more efficient, less costly carbon capture for disposal in deep geologic formations.

Well, that plant is kind of on the back burner, at least for now — one sign of how all of this stuff isn’t as easy as the politicians and industry PR agents make it sound.  But one thing AEP has begun to do more of is provide some straight talk about the huge hurdles ahead if the coal industry is going to remain viable in a carbon-constrained world.

Take the testimony yesterday to a House committee by Gary O. Spitznogle, AEP’s manager of IGCC and CCS Engineering. Among other things, Spitznolge declared:

The Congress and indeed all Americans must come to recognize the gigantic undertaking and significant sacrifices that this enterprise is likely to require. It is unrealistic to assume, and wrong to argue, that the market will magically respond simply by the imposition of stringent CO2 controls on our economy.

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Friends of Coal alert: Go tell Obama

Wednesday, July 29, 2009

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Just in last evening from the fine folks at the Friends of Coal:

Greetings all:
 
foc_logo_download.jpgTomorrow, Wednesday, July 29th, President Obama will be in Bristol, VA to meet with Kroger employees in a closed-door meeting around 4:p.m. to discuss health care.  We need as much support for the coal industry as possible.
 
We, members of the coal industry, MUST have hundreds of people on Kroger’s parking lot (31 Midway Street, Bristol, VA) or nearby to show the President our concerns and fears regarding Cap & Trade Legislation and the divesting impact it will have on the coal industry, its service companies, local counties and communities, and our citizens.
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New lawsuit: Water violations should block Fayette permit

Tuesday, July 28, 2009

A new lawsuit filed today challenges the state Surface Mine Board’s refusal to block a mining permit that has ongoing water pollution violations.

Recall that the board last month upheld the state Department of Environmental Protection’s renewal of a CONSOL Energy Inc. strip mine permit where company officials had not fixed reclamation and water pollution problems. Board members added two conditions to the permit for CONSOL subsidiary Powellton Coal. One includes a new reclamation plan as a permit condition and the other prohibits additional coal removal without a firm plan for ending water pollution violations.

The lawsuit, filed in Fayette Circuit Court by Derek Teaney of the Appalachian Center for the Economy and the Environment,  alleges the board was required to block the DEP permit renewal.

This should be an interesting case, especially given the incredible statement at the board hearing by WVDEP lawyer Fenway Pollack: That there’s no way his agency can refuse to renew permits with water pollution violations — apparently because no single coal-mining permit in West Virginia can comply with its water pollution limits:

Taken to its logical conclusion, that would mean no one gets renewals. We’d just shut down mining.

IG slams TVA: Coal-ash dangers ignored, then covered up

Tuesday, July 28, 2009

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Big news today on the TVA coal-ash disaster, with the release of  an Inspector General’s report which concludes:

TVA could have possibly prevented the Kingston Spill if it had taken recommended corrective actions.

TVA was aware of ‘red flags’ that were raised over a long period of time signaling the need for safety modifications to TVA ash ponds. These ‘red flags’ wee raised both by TVA employees and by consultants hired by TVA.

Most specifically:

… A 1985 internal memorandum written by a TVA engineer and two 2004 reports  by external engineering consultants raised concerns about the stability of the Kingston ash storage facilities. For reasons that are still not entirely clear, appropriate safety modifications were not made.

The report was released as part of the IG’s testimony to a House committee, available here. Here’s a link to a committee report on the issue, and there’s also coverage today in the Knoxville News and in the Tennessean, which emphasizes this interesting angle:

The Tennessee Valley Authority intentionally and improperly steered an outside investigation into the cause of the massive spill of coal ash at its Kingston, Tenn., plant to protect the TVA from lawsuits instead of seeking the full truth, the agency’s inspector general believes.

This is not the first TVA IG report on the coal-ash spill. The first one, released last month, criticized TVA’s response to the disaster.

Worker killed at Samples mountaintop removal mine

Tuesday, July 28, 2009

Word came in a while ago that a worker has been killed at the huge Samples Mine. Now owned by Patriot Coal, the operation is all the way up Cabin Creek hollow, but the mining actually crosses into several counties where Kanawha, Boone and Raleigh counties meet.

The Associated Press sent out this little brief, which mostly matches the information provided to me by Jama Jarrett, spokeswoman for the state Office of Miners’ Health, Safety and Training. Though Jama has not yet confirmed the death.

Here’s what AP reported:

ORGAS, W.Va. (AP) — Emergency officials in Boone County say a worker at a coal mine has been killed in an accident.
A Boone County 911 operator says the fatality was reported at 10:05 a.m. Tuesday. State mine safety office spokeswoman Jama (Jay-muh) Jarrett says an excavator rolled into a pond at Catenary Coal’s Samples mine.
Jarrett had no further information and the worker’s name wasn’t immediately released.
Catenary is a subsidiary of St. Louis-based Patriot Coal, which has operations in West Virginia and Kentucky.
A Patriot Coal spokeswoman didn’t immediately return a telephone message Tuesday.

I’m trying to get more details from Jama and from the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration, and we’ll have a more complete report in tomorrow’s Gazette.

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National Academy blockbuster: Cleaner energy possible

Tuesday, July 28, 2009

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Coal industry supports don’t much like it when they are confronted with the inevitability of changes in our energy system to deal with global warming. One typical response: To throw out figures about how much our nation relies on coal and argue that there’s no way to replace the 50 percent of our electricity that comes from burning it.

But a new study – just out this morning from the National Academy of Sciences — explains that a cleaner energy future is possible. Sure, it’s a major undertaking, and it might increase costs. But its doable, and it’s necessary to save the planet, according to the scientific consensus spelled out in the report. And guess what? It might even be able to include coal, if the industry stops fighting change and works to perfect and deploy carbon capture and storage technologies.

According to the NAS report, “America’s Energy Future: Technology and Transformation“:

With a sustained national commitment, the United States could obtain substantial energy-efficiency improvements, new sources of energy, and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through the accelerated deployment of existing and emerging energy technologies … 

But …

Initiating deployment of these technologies is urgent: Actions taken — or not taken — between now and 2020 to develop and demonstrate several key technologies will largely determine the nation’s energy options for many decades to come.

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Inside coal industry meeting: Global warming just a scare

Monday, July 27, 2009

I knew I’d found the right room in the Charleston Civic Center when I turned the corner and heard the familiar voice of Bill Raney, president of the West Virginia Coal Association. He was saying something about how long the climate change bill was and how he didn’t think anybody in the House of Representatives had read it before they voted on it.

So, I passed by the coffee and cookies and quietly slipped into the room. Coal Association Vice President Chris Hamilton said something about it being an “exclusive” event. But they’ve got to expect the riffraff to show up if they promote these things on their Web site. The announcement I saw said the event was “in further pursuit to better understand the overwhelmingly complex issue of ‘cap & trade’ and urged Coal Association members and supporters from the state Business and Industry Council to attend. And as I grabbed a seat off to the side, I saw familiar faces: Steve Walker of Walker Machinery, Arch Coal lobbyist John Snider, coal operator Andrew Jordon, GOP political operative (and friend of Don Blankenship) Greg Thomas, and Tim Mallen and Jeri Matheny of American Electric Power.

me4.jpgBut the presentation by Myron Ebell of the Competitive Enterprise Institute struck me as really little more than a pep talk, urging coal industry officials to continue to deny that global warming is real and keep fighting any effort at all to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

“This is about a lot more than defending your industry and your state,” Ebell told a couple dozen coal operators, utility representatives and other industry officials. “This is about the future of the American economy. You’re fighting for every American here.”

The coal folks, of course, ate this up. It’s exactly what they want to hear. This is what they tell themselves. This is what they want the rest of us to believe.

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Weekend news and commentary

Monday, July 27, 2009

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There was a lot of coverage of coal issues over the weekend, highlighted by Rick Wilson’s great commentary on the Perspectives page of the Sunday Gazette-Mail. If you missed it, click here, because it’s worth a read.

Rick, who also does the wonderful Goat Rope blog,  compares the ongoing mountaintop removal debate to a Greek tragedy, saying:

There aren’t easy answers in a tragic situation. Mining is a fact of life now, but its future is uncertain. Nobody knows what is going to happen and some things are not within our span of control. But we could at least start thinking about the opportunities that exist and will grow in an emerging greener economy.

We could pay attention to some ideas put forward by Create West Virginia, which emphasize that in order to move to a high road creative economy, we need to focus on talent, technology, tolerance and quality of life issues, which include having the kind of place where creative and productive people will want to live and work.

We could also start taking advantage of existing opportunities for job creation under the Abandoned Mine Lands program and newer federal initiatives while we’re trying to figure out everything else. It might also make sense to consider devoting a portion of severance tax revenue to economic development projects in the coalfields.

And instead of blindly denying climate change, we should face up to the probability that the world is going to get serious about it. You can put Galileo under house arrest, but you can’t stop the earth from moving.

Also in Sunday’s Gazette-Mail, I had a story about a U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement report that detailed major problems in the way the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection is policing mountaintop removal mining:

At virtually every site, there were certain areas where the actual measured ground surface was significantly above or below the proposed lines shown in the permit.

I apologize that I haven’t posted a copy of the report online. But, the version I have is a draft that was provided to me by a source. And it has some of that source’s notes on it, and posting it would expose that source to potential problems — so I won’t be able to post the report at this time. Hopefully, OSMRE will move pretty quickly to finalize the document and release a final version.

Also this weekend, The Washington Post did its own story on the effort by strip-mine workers in Southern West Virginia to boycott tourism trips to Tennessee to protest Sen. Lamar Alexander’s support for a bill to ban mountaintop removal. The story was reprinted here by the Tennessean.

In West Virginia, there is news out today from the Clarksburg Exponent  that the WVDEP has approved a significant expansion of a CONSOL Energy slurry impoundment in Harrison County.

And, here’s a report today from the Roanoke Times, which says that the price of coal and efforts to control its pollution are increasing power costs in Appalachia …

Happy Monday everybody.

New NIOSH study links coal dust, emphysema

Friday, July 24, 2009

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More evidence today to support the need for the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration to tighten its limits for exposure to coal dust in underground mines.

A new study by NIOSH researchers links again exposure to currently legal levels of coal dust to increases risk of contracting emphysema. According to the study, published in the American Thoracic Society’s American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (subscription required):

… The greater the concentration of coal dust in the lungs, the more severe the emphysema.

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Friday roundup, July 24, 2009

Friday, July 24, 2009

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A laborer works at a coal trader’s yard in Allahabad, India, Sunday, July 19, 2009. (AP Photo/ Rajesh Kumar Singh)

Earlier this week, I posted on Coal Tattoo a statement from the West Virginia Council of Churches, calling for peaceful dialogue in the coalfields … it included this from the gospel of Mattew:

Love you enemies. Pray for those who persecute you. For in doing so you will show yourselves children of your heavenly father who sends rain on the just and the unjust.

On the Huffington Post, Jeff Biggers this week called for Jimmy Carter to make his next peacekeeping mission one to the Appalachian coalfields:

Never has Carter’s hands-on determination for economic revival and reconciliation between divided communities been more needed in the most polarized part of our country — the devastated coalfields of Appalachia.

It being on the Huffington Post and all, a lot of people probably read Jeff’s commentary. Probably nowhere near as many are reading Coal Tattoo, or are checking out what my friend Rick Wilson has written on his Goat Rope blog this week, taking up where this left off, and expressing what I’ve been feeling for some time — that things are really coming to a head in a way that isn’t helpful for anyone, and that might get someone hurt or killed.

Rick started off with “Dark as a Dungeon,” in which he says:

… The powers that be here will resist any climate change legislation or regulations of mining with the same intensity that those in the south resisted desegregation …  state political leaders will try to outdo each other in positioning themselves as defenders of the status quo–even some of the ones who know better … it wouldn’t surprise me if somebody gets killed. If that happens, it will probably be at the hands of people inflamed by over-heated rhetoric.

… When it’s all over, people will wish they’d done things differently … I’d really like to be wrong about all of this.

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Special guest blog exclusive: Why surface mine?

Thursday, July 23, 2009

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…It’s not easy, it’s not cheap, and it’s not quick but it’s the method that works to produce over 40 percent of Central Appalachia’s coal output.

Gene Kitts, International Coal Group

gene-kitts.jpgHey Coal Tattoo readers … today, I’m pleased to publish a guest blog by Gene Kitts, senior vice president-mining services at International Coal Group. I asked Gene to write something for my blog to explain why companies choose surface mining over underground mining. Hopefully, this piece will educate us all a bit about the mine planning process, and remind us that none of the issues surrounding the coal industry and mountaintop removal — are as simple as the sound bites make them appear.

Here’s Gene:

Why do we surface mine in Central Appalachia?

It’s certainly not because we like the public attention and we really don’t enjoy the struggles with regulatory agencies, the years of permitting delays and the seemingly endless litigation.  The fundamental answer is that coal is surface mined because that is the method necessary to recover the resource.

Starting with the basics

Why do we surface mine a coal seam or group of seams instead of deep mining that reserve?

The answer is generally determined by geology and topography.  However, in many cases the coal reserve has been previously deep-mined and surface mining recovers what was left.  Surface mining through abandoned deep mines, recovering the blocks of coal that were left decades ago, is relatively common.  Contour mining along the outer boundary of old deep mines has been a widespread practice for years.  The advent of the highwall miner, which is a more productive successor to a coal auger, has encouraged this trend.

Back to geology and topography – how do these factors determine whether a seam is surface mined or deep mined?

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What ever happened to Approximate Original Contour?

Wednesday, July 22, 2009

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I’m starting to wonder if Clem Guttata at West Virginia Blue just wants to make work for me. He keeps asking good questions about coal, climate change and mountaintop removal, and I can’t help but try to answer them.. His latest was this:

Which local, state, or federal regulatory bodies are responsible for defining and enforcing rules about returning Mountaintop Removal sites to Approximate Original Contour (AOC)? What can be done to force those agencies to do their job?

On one level, the answer is simple: The U.S. Office of Surface Mining and the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (at least in West Virginia — in other states, it would be their local regulatory authority). Those are the agencies who write the rules. As for how to get them to do their jobs … that’s beyond the scope of one little blog post.

WVDEP officials tried years ago to more clearly define AOC, something they said was needed if they were ever to enforce the rule. But OSMRE stopped the state from doing so, and has repeatedly delayed any plans for a federal rulemaking that would help clarify the term.  West Virginia, though, has adopted its own AOC formula, and most experts think that has resulted in a reduction in the size of valley fills that bury streams.

But, as the rest of the W.Va. Blue post points out, this AOC issue is complicated and is a subject worth more explanation, because it gets to part of the heart of the problem with the way mountaintop removal has been regulated in Appalachia:

Significant damage occurs because of a lack of returning landscape close enough to the original contour.  Additional damage happens because original geological structures that filter water are disrupted. Even more damage occurs when eco-systems dependent on the original contour and the geological stucture turn out to no longer be viable.

Putting aside the larger question if the land can ever be restored to original condition, it is becoming increasingly obvious that the lack of returning mountaintop removal sites as close as possible to the original contour is the starting point for major damage to fragile ecological systems that developed over thousands of years.

So here goes my effort to explain a little bit of the background of this important issue:

Despite all the talk from coal industry folks and Friends of Coal like Gov. Joe Manchin, AOC is the heart of the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act.  In general, all surface mines are supposed to be put back the way they were before mining, reclaimed to their “approximate original contour.” The law defines that as:

… That surface configuration achieved by backfilling and grading of the mined area so that the reclaimed area, including any terracing or access roads, closely resembles the general surface configuration of the land prior to mining and blends into and complements the drainage pattern of the surrounding terrain, with all highwalls and spoil piles eliminated.

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Climate and CCS debate: Coal can’t have it both ways

Wednesday, July 22, 2009

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Yesterday, I wrote a story for the Gazette print edition about a new Harvard study that purports to detail the Realistic Costs of Carbon Capture from coal-fired power plants.

In a nutshell, the study puts the costs of capturing and storing greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants much higher than previous studies. Harvard researchers projected first-generation plants with CCS might double the cost of electricity. The costs might drop as the technology matures, but could still increase power production rates by as much as 50 percent.

This study also got some attention from The Wall Street Journal’s Environmental Capital blog, which  called it a “reality check for clean coal.”

That’s probably right. But what kind of reality check? As I thought about this, it became clear that, in the national discussion over the American Clean Energy and Security Act, the coal industry is trying to have it both ways. Coal lobbyists want to argue that “clean coal” is here, but then also demand that the climate legislation working its way through Congress be further watered down, to give them more time to perfect and deploy carbon capture and storage technology.

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Another train wreck update: Conflicting info on injuries

Wednesday, July 22, 2009

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Photo courtesy MSHA

More than 24 hours after the accident happened, the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration (through its parent agency, the Department of Labor) has finally offered some information about yesterday morning’s coal-train wreck at a Mingo County, W.Va., coal preparation plant.

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Update: Coal train derailment injured 4, one seriously

Wednesday, July 22, 2009

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A Norfolk Southern Corp. train is stopped at Wharncliffe, W.Va. on Tuesday, July 21, 2009 after it derailed and struck a loading facility at the Black Bear Preparation Plant. Four people were hurt, including one who suffered serious injuries, at the coal preparation plant in southern West Virginia, a spokesman for the railroad said. (AP Photo/Michael Browning)

I wanted to make sure Coal Tattoo readers were updated on the coal train accident in Mingo County that I blogged about yesterday.  Further information revealed that four people were hurt, and one of them seriously.

We’ve got a more detailed story on the Gazette Web site this morning here.

Church group calls for peace in the coalfields

Wednesday, July 22, 2009

Passing on this statement issued by the West Virginia Council of Churches:

A CALL FOR PEACEFUL DIALOGUE IN THE COAL FIELDS

We have all viewed with growing consternation the level of tension, confrontation, threats, and harbingers of violence in our West Virginia coalfields around the issue of mountaintop removal mining. We call upon the civic leaders of our state, the coal industry, and environmental groups to desist in using inflammatory rhetoric, and to avoid activities that could create confrontation. We ask leaders to encourage an attitude of understanding toward those with whom one disagrees.

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Rahall and coal: What’s next?

Tuesday, July 21, 2009

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Congressman Nick J. Rahall certainly got a lot of attention for his weekend stunt skydiving to show his support for the coal industry. (He’s shown above giving the ol’ Thumbs-up before the jump).

You’ve got to hand it to West Virginia Red, which remarked:

Next month Rahall will be shot out of a cannon over the New River to show how much he loves healthcare.

There’s more commentary from The Huffington Post,  The Washington Independent, Grist, and Politico.

Here at Coal Tattoo, I just felt the public had a right to see the photos from the event, and to hear what Rahall had to say about it …

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